Without Wings: The Story of Hitler's Aircraft Carrier
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Spain: Day 165 of 985 of the Spanish Civil War.
1937 — , December 28
Spain: Day 530 of 985 of the Spanish Civil War.
CBI - China: Day 175 of 2,987 of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War.
Day 20 of 54 of the Battle of Nanking.
Day 16 of 50 of the Rape of Nanking.
1938 — , December 28
Spain: Day 895 of 985 of the Spanish Civil War.
CBI - China: Day 540 of 2,987 of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War.
Day 78 of 81 of Japan's Operation GUANGDONG.
1939 — , December 28
Finland: Day 29 of 105 of the Russo-Finnish War. In central Finland, the Soviet troops continue retreating back toward Russia.
CBI - China: Day 905 of 2,987 of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War.
Day 44 of 381 of the Battle of South Guangxi.
1940 — , December 28
ETO - UK: Day 114 of 258 of the Blitz.
MTO - Albania: Mussolini asks Hitler to help his bogged down Italian forces with their offensive against the Greeks in Albania.
MTO - North Africa: Day 20 of 63 of the UK's Operation COMPASS, their campaign in North Africa against the Italian troops in Egypt and Libya.
East Africa: Day 202 of 537 of Italy's East African campaign in the lands south of Egypt.
CBI - China: Day 1,271 of 2,987 of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War.
CBI - Thailand: Day 89 of 221 of the Franco-Thai War (Vichy France vs Thailand).
1941 — , December 28
Russian Front - North: Day 112 of 872 of the Siege of Leningrad.
Russian Front - Center: Day 88 of 98 of the Battle of Moscow.
Russian Front - South: Day 60 of 248 of the Siege of Sevastopol, Crimean Peninsula.
CBI - Burma: Day 15 of 164 of Japan's Invasion of Burma. British General Wavell takes over command of the British forces defending Burma and India.
CBI - China: Day 1,636 of 2,987 of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War.
Day 5 of 99 of the 3rd Battle of Changsha.
CBI - Malaya: Day 21 of 55 of the Battle of British Malaya.
PTO - Borneo: Day 13 of 107 of the Battle of Borneo.
PTO - Philippines: Day 21 of 152 of the 1st Battle of the Philippines. The Japanese bomb Manila.
1942 — , December 28
Germany: Sterilization experiments begin on women prisoners at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
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Women at Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, 1942
The Nazis conducted a series of medical experiments on large numbers of prisoners, mainly Jews (including Jewish children), from across Europe in its concentration camps.
Prisoners were forced to participate; they did not willingly volunteer and there was never informed consent. Typically, the experiments resulted in death, disfigurement or permanent disability, and as such are considered as examples of medical torture.
The various hazardous experiments were designed to help German military personnel in combat situations and to develop new weapons, aid in the recovery of military personnel that had been injured and to advance the racial ideology backed by the Third Reich.
They conducted experiments on bone, muscle and nerve transplantation, head injury, freezing, malaria, mustard gas, sulfonamide, sea water, and even experiments on homosexual prisoners in attempts to cure homosexuality.
Sterilization experiments were designed to develop a method suitable for sterilizing millions of people with a minimum of time and effort. These experiments were conducted by means of X-ray, surgery and various drugs. Thousands of victims were sterilized.
Intravenous injections of solutions speculated to contain iodine and silver nitrate were successful, but had unwanted side effects such as vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain and cervical cancer. Therefore, radiation treatment became the favored choice. Specific amounts of exposure to radiation destroyed a person's ability to produce ova or sperm. The radiation was administered through deception. Prisoners were brought into a room and asked to complete forms, which took two to three minutes. In this time, the radiation treatment was administered and, unknown to the prisoners, they were rendered completely sterile. Many suffered severe radiation burns.
After the war, these crimes were tried at what became known as the Doctors' Trial, and revulsion at the abuses perpetrated led to the development of the Nuremberg Code of medical ethics.
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Doctors from Hell: The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans
Russian Front - North: Day 477 of 872 of the Siege of Leningrad.
Russian Front - North: Day 40 of 59 of the Battle of Velikiye Luki, near Leningrad. This stalemate does help ease the siege a little, but mostly it keeps German troops from being sent to other fronts.
Russian Front - North: Day 238 of 658 of the Siege of the Kholm Pocket, USSR lays siege to the Kholm Pocket but the Germans hold out for a about a year and a half.
Russian Front - South: Day 129 of 165 of the Battle of Stalingrad, bloodiest battle in human history.
Russian Front - South: Day 17 of 69 of the USSR's Operation LITTLE SATURN, a successful drive into the Northern Caucasus and the Donets Basin pushing the Axis troops out.
MTO - Algeria: General De Gaulle welcomes Giraud's appointment as commander of all Free French in Africa and calls for French unity.
MTO - Tunisia: Day 42 of 178 of the Battle of Tunisia. US 9th and 12th Air Forces provide Allied air support.
MTO - Libya: British troops reach a point east of Buerat, overlooking Wadi el Chebir without opposition.
CBI - Burma: Day 8 of 104 of the 1st Battle of Arakan.
CBI - China: Day 2,001 of 2,987 of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War.
PTO - Alaska: Day 205 of 435 of the Battle of Kiska, Aleutian Islands.
PTO - Malaya: Day 313 of 357 of the Battle of Timor Island, a long guerrilla war ending in Japanese victory.
PTO - New Guinea: Day 40 of 66 of the Battle of Buna-Gona. The Japanese order a withdrawal from Buna.
PTO - Solomon Islands: Day 144 of 187 of the Battle of Guadalcanal.
1943 — , December 28
Atlantic: The Royal Navy cruisers ENTERPRISE and GLASGOW sink the German destroyers T25, T26 and Z27 which were escorting blockade runners in the Bay of Biscay.
ETO - Germany: US 8th Air Force B-17s drops two 2,000 pound bombs and a Photoflash bomb on Düsseldorf, in an Oboe test.
Russian Front - North: Day 842 of 872 of the Siege of Leningrad.
Russian Front - North: Day 603 of 658 of the Siege of the Kholm Pocket. USSR lays siege to the Kholm Pocket but the Germans hold out for a about a year and a half.
Russian Front - South: Day 5 of 113 of the USSR's Dnieper-Carpathian Offensive in southwestern Ukraine.
Russian Front - South: Day 5 of 22 of the Battle of Zhitomir, Russia.
MTO - Italy: The British 8th Army finally clears Ortona after bitter street fighting. RAF and US Air Forces provide air support for the Allied ground units.
Middle East: The British military mission arrives in Turkey to discuss the supply of arms and troops as agreed at Cairo. However, the Turks make surprising new demands, which cannot be met.
CBI - China: Day 2,366 of 2,987 of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War.
PTO - New Guinea: Day 101 of 219 of the Battle of Shaggy Ridge.
PTO - New Guinea: Day 98 of 162 of the Battle of the Huon Peninsula.
PTO - New Guinea: Day 14 of 597 of the Battle of New Britain.
PTO - Solomon Islands: Day 58 of 295 of the Battle of the Bougainville Islands.
1944 — , December 28
ETO - France: Day 150 of 284 of the Battle of Brittany.
ETO - France: Day 105 of 236 of the Siege of Dunkirk.
ETO - Belgium: Day 13 of 41 of the Battle of the Bulge. US troops gain ground against the Ardennes salient. US 8th Air Force heavy bombers attack tactical targets in support.
ETO - Germany: Day 101 of 145 of the Battle of Hürtgen Forest.
Russian Front - Finland: Day 105 of 223 of the Lapland War. Finland and Russia have joined forces to kick the Germans out of Finland's most northern province.
Russian Front - Center: Day 75 of 206 of the Battle of the Courland Pocket in Latvia.
Russian Front - Center: Day 68 of 99 of the Siege of Memel, a border town of Lithuania and East Prussia.
Russian Front - South: Day 61 of 108 of the Battle of Budapest, Hungary.
MTO: US 15th Air Force B-17s and B-24s hit targets in Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Italy.
MTO: US 12th Air Force medium bombers hit railroad lines in Austria and Yugoslavia that feed into northeast Italy.
MTO - Italy: US and Royal Air Forces provides air support for the Allied ground units.
CBI - Burma: Day 272 of 302 of the Chinese Salween Offensive.
CBI - China: Day 2,732 of 2,987 of the 2nd Sino-Japanese War.
Day 256 of 259 of Japan's Operation ICHI-GO.
PTO - New Guinea: Day 367 of 597 of the Battle of New Britain.
PTO - New Guinea: Day 251 of 481 of the Battle of Western New Guinea.
PTO - Philippines: Day 70 of 299 of the 2nd Battle of the Philippines, aka the Liberation of the Philippines or the Philippines Campaign.
PTO - Philippines: Day 70 of 73 of the Battle of Leyte.
PTO - Philippines: Day 14 of 244 of the Battle of Luzon.
Day-By-Day listings for December 28 were last modified on Wednesday, January 27, 2016
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